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Tone inventory

    Numerical notationIPA notationOrtho
    ShortLow1˩a
    High4˦á
    LongLow11˩aa
    High44˦áa
    Light rising23˨˧
    Light falling31˧˩àa
    Heavy rising35˧˥áá
    Heavy falling52˥˨àà
    Glottalised rising35ˀ˧˥ˀaʼá
    Glottalised falling52ˀ˥˨ˀàʼa
    Convex253˨˥˧áà
    Concave314˧˩˦àá

      RDP Tone Sandhi

      Connecting rule (atonal vowels)

      The connecting rule governs how atonal vowels behave.

      1. If an atonal vowel is in the first syllable of a word, it may be realised as low. This may also be the case if the word is monosyllabic.

      2. If an atonal vowel is not in the first syllable of a word, it may take on different forms depending on the preceding syllable's tone.

        2a. If an atonal vowel is preceded by a high, concave or any rising tone, it may be realised as high.

        2b. If an atonal vowel is preceded by a low, convex or any falling tone, it may be realised as low.

      Clamping rule (contour tones)

      The clamping rule governs how contours behave when surrounded by other contours. If a word contains two rising or falling tones of the same type in a row, the second tone becomes simple.